The patients listened to 432 Hz music at the volume they wanted. While the patients were listening to 432 Hz music, there was no sound in the background. After that, music at a frequency of 432 hz (called Summer by Stefano Crespan Shantam) was performed through stereo earphones for 10 minutes. Local anesthesia was applied to the patients. It was the second measurement for the binaural beats group. After listening to the binaural beats for 10 minutes, the patients removed the earphones and VAS score was obtained again. During 10 minutes, we did not speak with the patients. We used pure frequency binaural beats without background music or relaxing sound such as waves or raindrops. The patients listened to binaural beats at the volume they wanted. The operating room in which the patients were located was quiet. The frequencies were produced by software (Brain Waves Binaural Beats, MynioTech Apps, Chapeco, Santa Catarina, Brazil) While the patients were listening to binaural beats, there was no sound in the background. After that, the patients listened to binaural beats through stereo earphones (220 Hz for the right ear and 210 Hz for the left ear) using the mobile device (Samsung Galaxy S, Samsung Electronics Co Ltd, South Korea) for 10 minutes. (Fig.1 1).įlow diagram of the three groups for reducing preoperative dental anxiety in impacted third molar surgery. The patients were divided into three groups (Fig. The groups were formed by taking closed envelope to the patients. There was no number or statement on this line. Patients were asked to mark on this line to evaluate their anxiety levels. The left-hand end of VAS was marked “no anxiety”, and the right-hand end “worst anxiety imaginable”. VAS comprised a 100 mm horizontal line drawn on paper. VAS was taken before local anesthesia from all patients in this study. It has been used in previous studies to evaluate dental anxiety ( 10, 11). We used Visual analog scale (VAS) to evaluate preoperative anxiety. Two researchers (AYG, TC) made the patients listen the binaural beats and 432 tuned music. Ninety patients were included this double-blind study between 01 January 2020 and 30 April 2020. We included patients referred for removal of an impacted third molar. Our study’s exclusion criteria were as follows: Patients with hearing disorders Patients with psychiatric disorders Patients who were taking antidepressants drug Pregnant or lactating women. Our study’s inclusion criteria were as follows: Patients between the ages of 18-45 years Patients who had an impacted mandibular third molar No medication use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of 432 Hz tuned music and binaural beats for reducing preoperative dental anxiety in impacted third molar surgery. In addition, there is no study comparing the effects of both binaural beats and 432 Hz music frequency on preoperative dental anxiety. Many researches about binaural beats have been done ( 8), but to our knowledge only one study regarding with binaural beats in dental anxiety was reported ( 9). It was reported that music intervention normalized arrhythmia and induced relaxation during local anesthesia operation ( 7). Steelman found that music therapy reduced patients’ blood pressure under local anesthesia ( 6). These features make the music ‘neutral’ free from feelings that other options may trigger physiological responses in patients ( 3). Music with slow and melodies provides emotional and physical relaxation in listeners. Many musicians advocated that 432 Hz is the closest frequency to the natural human frequency. This method has been reported to alleviate moderate anxiety ( 5).Īnother method of reducing anxiety is music therapy. To achieve the desired results, both ears should participate the process ( 4). The resulting perception is of a single tone with a frequency that is midway between the two carrier tones and that waxes and wanes in amplitudes at a rate equal to the difference between them. One of them is ‘binaural beats’ technology which is based on the application of two sounds with steady intensities but different frequencies are presented separately, one to each ear. Many methods have been tried including the use of medicines to reduce the anxiety. The patients being stressed during the operation reduces the patient-physician cooperation, makes the treatment difficult and may increase the stress of the physician ( 2). Dental anxiety is seen more common in surgical procedures ( 1, 2). Although the term ‘dental anxiety’ cannot be defined exactly in the literature, it contains many different emotions ranging from mild anxiety to extreme anxiety ( 3). Anxious and fearful patients are frequently encountered during the dental procedures ( 1, 2).
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